Romanian orphans 21 years on

The English and Romanian Adoptee (ERA) Study will feature in a BBC Radio 4 documentary to be broadcast on Tuesday 10 October.

After the fall of Nicolai Ceausescu in Romania, news of how babies and children were treated in Romanian orphanages horrified the world. But little was known about the long-term effects of such extreme, early deprivation: how would the babies and toddlers who had been denied basic human contact and care, adapt and recover when they were transfered to their new, loving and caring families?

The English and Romanian Adoptee Study (ERA) was established to try and answer this question. Part-funded by the Foundation, the ERA is a longitudinal, multi-method investigation of the development of children adopted into the UK from Romania in the early 1990’s. Led by Professor Sir Michael Rutter and Professor Edmund Sonuga-Barke, the ERA has followed a random sample of 165 Romanian children, most of whom had spent their early lives in institutions in which conditions ranged from poor to abysmal.

Presenter Claudia Hammond talks to Professor Sir Michael Rutter and his team, as well as some of the adoptees and their families.

The programme will be broadcast at 21.00 on Tuesday 10 October and repeated on Wednesday 12 October at 16.30.

Related


Explore our projects

A portrait of a teenager wearing casual clothing on an overcast summer day in Whitley Bay, Northeastern England. They are standing and looking concerned as they use their smartphone.

Welfare | 2026 - 2028

The digital lives of care-experienced children

View project
A simple wall sign outside the British Treasury building at 1 Horse Guards Road, just off Whitehall, London.
New

Welfare | 2026 - 2030

IFS Green Budget 2026 – 2029

View project
Young well dressed businesswoman working on a computer at the office

Welfare | 2026 - 2029

Pain-at-Work Toolkit for employees with chronic pain (definitive trial) 

View project
Teenage boy looking out of window
New

Justice | 2026 - 2028

Permanently Progressing Phase 3: Adolescence and early adulthood

View project

Welfare | 2026 - 2028

Examining gender pension gaps: trajectories over time in the UK

View project
Early years professionals playing with children
In progress

Education | 2026 - 2028

Noise in early years settings for children from under-privileged backgrounds

View project
Parents with baby
In progress

Education | 2026 - 2028

Your Baby and You: Developing the home learning environment for babies

View project
Houses along a street in the UK

Welfare | 2026 - 2028

Towards housing affordability: local supply drivers and optimal policy

View project
In progress

Education | 2026 - 2027

Education pathways for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children

View project
In progress

Racial Diversity UK | Welfare | 2026 - 2027

Racial equality since devolution: Divergences, outcomes and frontiers

View project
Teaching assistant plays with little boy at nursery
In progress

Education | 2025 - 2026

Room to Grow: School-based Nursery Places and the Disadvantage Gap

View project
voters entering polling station to vote in election

Welfare | 2025 - 2026

Tax, benefits and public spending in the 2026 devolved elections

View project
Teenage boy looking out of window
New

Justice | 2026 - 2028

Permanently Progressing Phase 3: Adolescence and early adulthood

View project
A simple wall sign outside the British Treasury building at 1 Horse Guards Road, just off Whitehall, London.
New

Welfare | 2026 - 2030

IFS Green Budget 2026 – 2029

View project
A portrait of a teenager wearing casual clothing on an overcast summer day in Whitley Bay, Northeastern England. They are standing and looking concerned as they use their smartphone.

Welfare | 2026 - 2028

The digital lives of care-experienced children

View project
Young well dressed businesswoman working on a computer at the office

Welfare | 2026 - 2029

Pain-at-Work Toolkit for employees with chronic pain (definitive trial) 

View project
Parents with baby
In progress

Education | 2026 - 2028

Your Baby and You: Developing the home learning environment for babies

View project

Welfare | 2025 - 2026

2026 Scottish Parliament and Senedd election analysis

View project
Houses along a street in the UK

Welfare | 2026 - 2028

Towards housing affordability: local supply drivers and optimal policy

View project

Welfare | 2026 - 2028

Examining gender pension gaps: trajectories over time in the UK

View project
voters entering polling station to vote in election

Welfare | 2025 - 2026

Tax, benefits and public spending in the 2026 devolved elections

View project
Teaching assistant plays with little boy at nursery
In progress

Education | 2025 - 2026

Room to Grow: School-based Nursery Places and the Disadvantage Gap

View project
Early years professionals playing with children
In progress

Education | 2026 - 2028

Noise in early years settings for children from under-privileged backgrounds

View project

Welfare | 2025 - 2028

Actionable insights to tackle UK dietary inequalities

View project
Teenage boy looking out of window
New

Justice | 2026 - 2028

Permanently Progressing Phase 3: Adolescence and early adulthood

View project
Parents with baby
In progress

Education | 2026 - 2028

Your Baby and You: Developing the home learning environment for babies

View project
Teaching assistant plays with little boy at nursery
In progress

Education | 2025 - 2026

Room to Grow: School-based Nursery Places and the Disadvantage Gap

View project
Early years professionals playing with children
In progress

Education | 2026 - 2028

Noise in early years settings for children from under-privileged backgrounds

View project
In progress

Education | 2025 - 2026

Childminder-led structured language enrichment in the Early Years

View project
A horizontal image of two children outdoors using a big mental pan to make mud pies, while a young woman supervises. The children are both wrapped up warm in coats and are contently playing
In progress

Education | 2025 - 2028

Policy change and inequalities in early childhood education and care

View project
In progress

Education | 2026 - 2027

Education pathways for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children

View project
Kid playing with wood toys at pre school classroom.
In progress

Education | 2025 - 2027

What price is free? The price effects of England’s childcare reforms

View project
In progress

Racial Diversity UK | Welfare | 2026 - 2027

Racial equality since devolution: Divergences, outcomes and frontiers

View project
In progress

Racial Diversity UK | Welfare | 2025 - 2028

Decline to renewal: Race, deindustrialisation and working lives

View project
In progress

Racial Diversity UK | Welfare | 2025 - 2028

Better mixing: Supporting Scotland’s diverse future

View project
In progress

Racial Diversity UK | Welfare | 2025 - 2028

Voices for equity: Moving from evidence to action

View project
row of houses
New

Welfare | 2025 - 2028

Musculoskeletal conditions in underserved communities

View project
Close up of a Young woman going over her retirement savings at home while using her laptop
New

Welfare | 2025 - 2026

Tackling the information gap in retirement saving decisions

View project
Pre-school students sitting in an art classroom being taught by a teacher. The classroom is colourful and the children are sat at a big table.
Reported

Education | 2024 - 2026

A comparative analysis of EY workforce policy in the four UK nations

View project
Black woman typing on laptop in living room
Reported

Welfare | 2024 - 2025

Enhancing, localising and democratising tax-benefit policy analysis

View project
Young girl using an iPad at home
Reported

Education | 2024 - 2024

Early years digital media literacy review

View project
A middle-aged man sat at home is looking at this phone while sorting pension paperwork.
Reported

Welfare | 2023 - 2025

Collective defined contribution pensions with investment choice

View project
Two little boys and a little girl, all wearing primary school uniform, work together to solve a puzzle in their classroom.
Reported

Education | 2023 - 2025

What has ‘Free School Meals’ measured and what are the implications?

View project
Elderly man drinking tea at home with professional carer
Reported

Welfare | 2023 - 2024

Evidencing the outsourcing of social care provision in England

View project
Older woman using a tablet to make a video call
Reported

Welfare | 2023 - 2025

Remote osteoarthritis peer-mentorship for socioeconomically underserved people

View project
Reception class children using a parachute in a PE lesson
Reported

Education | 2022 - 2023

A movement and story-telling intervention for reception children

View project
Reported

Education | Welfare | 2022 - 2024

Understanding school attendance, education and labour market outcomes

View project
Grandparents having fun outdoors with their granddaughter, who is eating an apple and laughing: Understanding family and community vulnerabilities in transition to net zero
Reported

Welfare | 2021 - 2023

Understanding family and community vulnerabilities in transition to net zero

View project
Father and son using laptop at home
Reported

Welfare | 2021 - 2025

Developing a minimum digital living standard for households with children

View project
Code encounters algorithmic risk-profiling in housing: a family in their kitchen at home
Reported

Welfare | 2022 - 2024

Code encounters: algorithmic risk-profiling in housing

View project
Search projects

We improve people’s lives by funding research that informs social policy, primarily in Education, Welfare and Justice. We also fund student programmes that give young people skills and confidence in science and research.

We offer our grant-holders the freedom to frame questions and enable new thinking. Our research must stand up to rigorous academic scrutiny, but we understand that to be successful in effecting change, it also needs to be relevant to people’s experience.

Profile